In soil science, the layer beneath the topsoil is commonly called the subsoil, or which horizon?

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Multiple Choice

In soil science, the layer beneath the topsoil is commonly called the subsoil, or which horizon?

Explanation:
In a soil profile, horizons are layers formed with different properties. The topsoil is the A horizon, rich in organic material and roots. Directly beneath that is the B horizon, known as the subsoil. This layer accumulates minerals like clay, iron, and aluminum leached downward from above (illiuvation), so it often has more mineral content, a denser texture, and less organic matter than the topsoil. The O horizon sits on the surface as organic debris, the C horizon is the weathered parent material below, and the R horizon is bedrock. Therefore, the layer beneath the topsoil is the B horizon.

In a soil profile, horizons are layers formed with different properties. The topsoil is the A horizon, rich in organic material and roots. Directly beneath that is the B horizon, known as the subsoil. This layer accumulates minerals like clay, iron, and aluminum leached downward from above (illiuvation), so it often has more mineral content, a denser texture, and less organic matter than the topsoil. The O horizon sits on the surface as organic debris, the C horizon is the weathered parent material below, and the R horizon is bedrock. Therefore, the layer beneath the topsoil is the B horizon.

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