What are two signs of common fungal diseases on leaves and how would you manage them?

• A. Powdery mildew shows a white powdery coating; leaf spots show dark lesions with halos; manage by improving air circulation, removing affected leaves, and applying appropriate fungicides.
• B. Powdery mildew appears as yellowing of entire plant; leaf spots appear as blue; manage by watering at night.
• C. Powdery mildew is caused by bacteria; manage by applying insecticide.
• D. Leaf spots indicate overwatering only; manage by not watering.

Answer: (A)

Recognizing common fungal signs on leaves and how to manage them. Powdery mildew shows a white powdery coating on leaf surfaces, often starting on newer growth, which can reduce photosynthesis and vigor. Leaf spots appear as dark, irregular lesions on the foliage, sometimes with a lighter halo around them. To manage, boost air circulation by spacing plants and pruning crowded growth to reduce leaf wetness; remove and dispose of infected leaves to cut off sources of spores; avoid overhead watering and water at the base so foliage dries more quickly. Apply a fungicide labeled for the specific disease, following its directions, and consider rotating products to prevent resistance. For leaf spots, clean up and dispose of infected debris, ensure good drainage, and avoid overwatering; use a fungicide if the spots persist.